Ford Motor Company (abbreviated Ford) is an American multinational vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan. Henry Ford formed it and incorporated it on June 16, 1903. The Ford brand sells autos and commercial vehicles, whereas the Lincoln brand sells premium cars. Ford also has a 32% ownership in Jiangling Motors in China. It is also involved in joint ventures in China (Changan Ford), Taiwan (Ford Lio Ho), Thailand (AutoAlliance Thailand), and Turkey (Ford Otosan). The Ford family controls the corporation, which is listed on the New York Stock Exchange; they hold a minority of the company but have a majority of the voting power.
Ford devised methods for large-scale automobile manufacture and large-scale industrial workforce management employing highly structured manufacturing sequences characterised by moving assembly lines; by 1914, these approaches were known around the world as Fordism. Jaguar and Land Rover, which Ford acquired in 1989 and 2000, respectively, were sold to the Indian automaker Tata Motors in March 2008. From 1999 to 2010, Ford was the sole owner of Volvo in Sweden. Since 1938, Ford had marketed entry-level luxury cars in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the Middle East under the Mercury brand.